Melasma and hyperpigmentation refer to conditions characterized by darker patches of skin.  Melasma is often triggered by hormonal changes, such as those associated with pregnancy or birth control, and typically appears on the face.  Hyperpigmentation, on the other hand, can be caused by sun exposure, inflammation (like acne), or other skin injuries.

Both melasma and hyperpigmentation result from an overproduction of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.  Protecting your skin from the sun with broad-spectrum sunscreen is crucial for preventing and managing these conditions. Hyperpigmentation can manifest in various forms, including:  

• Sunspots (Solar Lentigines): Caused by prolonged and excessive sun exposure, these are brown spots that commonly appear on sun-exposed areas like the face, hands, and arms.  
• Melasma: Often triggered by hormonal changes, melasma presents as brown patches, typically on the face, and is more common in women.  
• Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Dark spots that occur after skin injury, such as acne breakouts, cuts, or burns.